Argomenti: Valutazione degli apprendimenti

What is important for citizens to know and be able to do?” The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seeks to answer that question through the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student knowledge and skills. As more countries join its ranks, PISA is evolving to successfully cater for a larger and more diverse group of participants. The OECD launched the PISA for Development initiative in 2014 to support evidence-based policy making globally and offer universal tools in monitoring progress towards the Education Sustainable Development Goal. Spanning six years, this unique pilot project aims to make the assessment more accessible and relevant to a wider range of countries, while maintaining the overall PISA framework and accordance with PISA’s technical standards and usual practices.The PISA for Development Assessment and Analytical Framework presents the conceptual foundations of the project, and covers reading, mathematics and science. PISA for Development has a school-based component and an out-of-school one. For the school-based component, a questionnaire about students’ background is distributed to all participating students. School principals complete a school questionnaire that describes the school, its students and teachers, and the learning environment. Teachers also complete a questionnaire about themselves, the school’s resources, their teaching practice and their students. The out-of-school respondents complete a background questionnaire, and their parent (or person most knowledgeable about them) answers a questionnaire about the youth’s background and childhood experiences. A household observation questionnaire is completed by the interviewer, and information about the location of the household is collected by PISA for Development National Centres.Nine countries participated in the PISA for Development assessment: Bhutan, Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Senegal and Zambia.

Did you know that close to half of today’s jobs in the United States could be done by robots and that proportion is rapidly increasing? It is quite possible that about half of today’s high school graduates will not have the knowledge or skills needed to get a decent job when they graduate. Tomorrow’s high school graduates will be able to thrive in this environment, but only if school superintendents, central office executives, and principals use the strategies employed by the world’s top-performing education systems to build the high-performance education systems today’s students will need to succeed tomorrow.

In a world where the kind of things that are easy to teach and test have also become easy to digitise and automate, it will be our imagination, our awareness and our sense of responsibility that will enable us to harness the opportunities of the 21st century to shape the world for the better. Tomorrow’s schools will need to help students think for themselves and join others, with empathy, in work and citizenship. They will need to help students develop a strong sense of right and wrong, and sensitivity to the claims that others make. What will it take for schools to be able to do this? Andreas Schleicher, initiator of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and an international authority on education policy, has accompanied education leaders in over 70 countries in their efforts to design and implement forward-looking policies and practices. While improvement in education is far easier to proclaim than achieve, in this book Schleicher examines the many successes from which we can learn. This does not mean copying and pasting solutions from other schools or countries, but rather looking seriously and dispassionately at good practice in our own countries and elsewhere to understand what works in which contexts.

A oltre sessanta anni dalla sua pubblicazione, Misurazione e valutazione nel processo educativo (1955) di Aldo Visalberghi rappresenta ancora un utile punto di riferimento per leggere criticamente gli approcci emergenti nella valutazione di apprendimenti, scuole e università. Di fronte all’affermarsi di una “cultura della valutazione” che sembra negare il “senso della misura” invocato da Aldo Visalberghi, i richiami alla necessità di un rapporto dialettico tra valutazione e misurazione e a un’oggettività “relativa e critica” conservano intatto il loro valore.
Questo lavoro restituisce una prima raccolta di contributi degli esperti che, il 18 e 19 gennaio 2016, hanno partecipato al Convegno “Misurazione e Valutazione di scuole e università. Inattualità di Aldo Visalberghi”, organizzato presso il Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione dell’Università di Catania. Le relazioni si concentrano sulla rilevanza del testo del 1955 in riferimento a due dinamiche ben presenti, oggi, nel nostro sistema educativo: quella relativa alla rilevazione degli apprendimenti e quella legata alla valutazione di scuole e università.

Unlearning and re-inventing the theoretical frameworks of Intercultural and Asian Studies is central to this book as it is to Chen Kuan-Hsing’s evocative Asia as Method; this book’s inspirational source. Chen insists that studies of Asia move beyond their paralysing fixation on the West as either a positive or negative referent and that they develop their own standpoints, reference points and research agendas. Asia as Method in Education Studies, is therefore, a provocative and suggestive exploration of educational ideas imported from the West. Chen’s challenge provokes the writers in this collection to consider the implications of colonial and imperialist forces for education systems, policies and practices as well as for educational research itself. The writers offer examples of what it means to rethink and re-examine education in Asia beyond both the Western imperialist eye and the post-colonial ‘politics of resentment’

La formazione di capitale umano qualificato è uno dei fattori all’origine della crescita economica. In questi anni di crisi, il Mezzogiorno sta sperimentando forti difficoltà nel produrre e valorizzare un tale capitale. Le ragioni di siffatta situazione dipendono non soltanto dai noti fenomeni legati all’emigrazione di giovani con livelli elevati di istruzione, ma anche dai cospicui ritardi negli apprendimenti e nelle competenze di base degli studenti meridionali. Questi risultati, spesso richiamati da indagini ufficiali e dalla letteratura scientifica, vengono confermati e approfonditi dal Rapporto Res 2014. Ma come si possono spiegare differenze così ampie nei rendimenti scolastici fra Nord e Sud del paese? Quanto conta il retroterra economico e culturale delle famiglie o la situazione del contesto locale? E quanto invece incidono i diversi attori, come dirigenti scolastici e insegnanti, che operano dentro la scuola e ne definiscono la capacità di formare le competenze degli studenti? Quali sono, in definitiva, i fattori che rendono veramente «difficile» il percorso di istruzione di un giovane siciliano o del Sud Italia? La ricerca, realizzata dalla Fondazione Res e curata da Pier Francesco Asso, Laura Azzolina e Emmanuele Pavolini, cerca di rispondere a queste domande e mostra in che modo i diversi fattori legati al contesto esterno o al buon funzionamento delle scuole influiscano sui divari territoriali negli apprendimenti. Ricorrendo a metodi di ricerca quantitativi e qualitativi, il volume indaga il mondo della scuola e approfondisce, anche attraverso l’ausilio di un consistente numero di studi di caso (siciliani e di altre regioni del Sud e del Nord), esperienze diverse da cui si traggono molti suggerimenti per la messa a punto di politiche dirette al miglioramento dei risultati dell’istruzione.